We observe peculiar behaviors that appear to be strongly correlated with the incurred structural changes. Here we present series of quantitative measurements of the DNA-DNA forces with the osmotic stress method on different DNA sequences, from short repeats to the most frequent sequences in genome, and to modifications such as bromination and methylation. Such DNAs with specific sequences or modifications often take on structures other than the canonical B-form. Furthermore, covalent modifications of DNA such as methylation play key roles in gene functions. However, ~50% of human genome is composed of non-random- sequence DNAs, particularly repetitive sequences. Despite its central role in biology, the sequence of DNA has not received substantial attention and ``random'' DNA sequences are typically used in biophysical studies. Quantitative knowledge has been accumulated on how DNA-DNA interactions are modulated by varied biological constituents such as ions, cationic ligands, and proteins. Molecular forces between dsDNA strands are largely dominated by electrostatics and have been extensively studied. Sequence and Structure Dependent DNA-DNA Interactions
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